Phase change memory device, system including the memory device, and method for operating the memory device

ABSTRACT

In an embodiment, the column decoder of a PCM device is divided into two portions that can be governed independently of one another, and the driving signals of the two portions are configured so as to guarantee comparable capacitive loads at the two inputs of a sense amplifier in both of the operations of single-ended reading and double-ended reading. In particular, during single-ended reading, the sense amplifier has a first input that receives a capacitive load corresponding to the direct memory cell selected, and a second input that receives a capacitive load associated to a non-selected complementary memory cell.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Italian Application No. 102019000024253, filed on Dec. 17, 2019, which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a phase-change memory device, to a system that includes the phase-change memory device, and to a method for operating the phase-change memory device.

BACKGROUND

Non-volatile phase-change memories (PCMs) are known, in which for storing information the characteristics of materials that present the property of switching between phases that have different electrical characteristics are exploited. For instance, such materials are able to switch between a disorderly, amorphous phase and an orderly, crystalline or polycrystalline phase, and the two phases are associated with resistivities having considerably different values, and consequently with different values of a datum stored. For instance, the elements of Group VI of the Periodic Table, such as tellurium (Te), selenium (Se), or antimony (Sb), referred to as chalcogenides or chalcogenic materials, may advantageously be used for the production of phase-change memory cells. Phase-changes are obtained by locally increasing the temperature of the cells of chalcogenic material, through resistive electrodes (generally known as heaters) arranged in contact with respective regions of chalcogenic material. Selection devices (for example, MOSFETs) are connected to the heaters and enable passage of an electric programming current through a respective heater. The electric current, by the Joule effect, generates the temperatures necessary for phase-change. During reading, the state of the chalcogenic material is detected by applying a voltage that is sufficiently low as not to cause a considerable heating, and then by reading the value of the current that flows in the cell. Given that the current is proportional to the conductivity of the chalcogenic material, it is possible to determine in which state the material is, and therefore to arrive at the datum stored in the memory cell.

SUMMARY

In a known way, non-volatile memories comprise an array of memory cells organised in rows (wordlines) and columns (bitlines). Each memory cell is constituted, in the case of PCMs, by a phase-change storage element and a selector transistor, connected in series. A column decoder and a row decoder enable selection, on the basis of address logic signals received at input and more or less complex decoding schemes, of the memory cells, and in particular of the corresponding wordline and bitline each time addressed.

The column decoder comprises a plurality of analog selection switches (implemented by transistors), which receive at their respective control terminals the address signals. The selection switches are organized according to a tree structure in hierarchical levels, and their number in each hierarchical level is linked to the organization and size of the memory array. The selection switches, when enabled, make it possible to bring the bitline selected to a definite value of voltage and/or current, according to the operations that are to be implemented. In particular, a current path is created between a programming stage or a reading stage and the bitline selected. The current path is defined by the series of a certain number of selection switches. In a known way, sense amplifiers carry out reading of the data stored in the memory cells, comparing the current that flows in the memory cell selected (or an electrical quantity correlated thereto) with a reference current that flows in a reference cell (so-called double-ended reading) or else with a reference current supplied by a reference-current generator (so-called single-ended reading). Single-ended reading is typically used during verification that programming of the cell has occurred or during testing, whereas double-ended reading is typically used during normal use of the memory to read the logic datum stored in the cell that is to be read.

To carry out single-ended reading, an input of the sense amplifier receives the current of the memory cell that is to be read, while the other input of the sense amplifier receives the reference current supplied by the reference-current generator.

In both of the modalities referred to it is expedient to guarantee, as far as possible, for the sense amplifier similar working conditions, with particular attention paid to the capacitive load at the two inputs thereof. This need, however, is unlikely to be met in single-ended reading systems in so far as, in a way in itself evident, the capacitance associated to a reference-current generator used in single-ended reading is different from the capacitance that derives from the bitline used for carrying the current signal of the cell that is to be read.

In addition, it may be noted that the effective value of capacitance associated to the bitline is affected by a series of factors that are unforeseeable, such as the manufacturing process spread. Consequently, fluctuations may arise that do not render convenient the use of a pre-set capacitance associated to the reference-current generator.

To overcome these drawbacks, it is known to connect the input of the sense amplifier that receives the reference current also to a de-selected memory cell (i.e., a cell that is turned off), through the respective bitlines. In this way, it is possible to guarantee a comparable capacitive load at the two inputs of the sense amplifier both in the operation of single-ended reading (reading of a logic datum stored in a memory cell by comparison with a current reference) and in the operation of double-ended reading (reading of a logic datum stored in a memory cell by comparison with a further memory cell).

In particular, in the case of single-ended reading of a memory cell selected via the corresponding wordline and coupled to a local bitline of a memory sector, the sense amplifier will have, on a first input thereof, the capacitance associated to the local bitline plus the capacitance associated to a first main bitline to which the local bitline is connected. In addition, the sense amplifier will receive, on a second input thereof, the reference current used for the comparison but also a capacitance associated to a further main bitline, which, during this operation, is decoupled from local bitlines. In other words, the sense amplifier receives capacitive loads of a similar amount on both of the inputs.

Illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 and designated as a whole by the reference number 1 is a portion of a non-volatile memory device, in particular of a PCM type, limitedly to just the parts necessary for an understanding of the present disclosure.

In particular, the non-volatile memory device 1 comprises a memory array 2, constituted by a plurality of first memory cells 3 (each including a phase-change region 3 a and a local selection transistor 3 b), and by a plurality of second memory cells 3′ (each including a phase-change region 3 a′ and a local selection transistor 3 b′), which can be selected by local wordlines WL and local bitlines BL. In a way in itself known, the second memory cells 3′ correspond, as regards number and manufacturing characteristics, to the first memory cells 3 and, in use, store a logic datum complementary to that of the first memory cells 3. The second memory cells 3′ are queried, during double-ended reading of the first memory cells 3, to read the logic datum stored in the first memory cells 3 by comparison with the logic datum stored in respective second memory cells 3′.

FIG. 1 illustrates first memory cells 3 (“direct” cells) operatively coupled to respective local wordlines WL< > (WL<0>, WL<1>, . . . ) and to respective local bitlines BL_(L)< > (BLL<0>, BL_(L)<1>, . . . ), etc. Likewise shown are second memory cells 3′ (“complementary” cells), operatively coupled to the local wordlines WL< >, designated in FIG. 1 as WL<0>, WL<1>, . . . , and to respective local bitlines BL_(R)< >, designated in FIG. 1 as BL_(R)<0>, BL_(R)<1>, . . . , etc.

The local bitlines BL_(L)< > and the first memory cells 3 form a first memory portion 2 a. The local bitlines BL_(R)< > and the second memory cells 3′ form a second memory portion 2 b.

The phase-change element 3 a, 3 a′ includes a phase-change material (for example, a chalcogenide), and is therefore able to store data in the form of levels of resistance associated to the different phases assumed by the phase-change material. The selector element 3 b, 3 b′ is, for example, a PMOS transistor having its gate terminal connected to the respective wordline WL< >, a first conduction terminal connected to the phase-change element, and a second conduction terminal connected to a reference potential (for example, ground). The selector element is controlled so as to enable, when selected (i.e., switched on by the signal of the respective local wordline WL< > to which it is coupled), passage of a reading current through the phase-change element during an operation of reading of the logic datum stored therein.

The non-volatile memory device 1 further comprises a row decoder (here not illustrated), adapted to select the local wordline WL< > corresponding to the memory cell 3, 3′ each time to be addressed.

As represented schematically in FIG. 1, the memory array 2 is organized in a plurality of sectors (shown by way of example in the figure are only four sectors S1-S4). Each sector comprises respective local bitlines BL< > (direct bitlines BL_(L)< > and complementary bitlines BL_(R)< >), which can be addressed by a local column decoder 5 dedicated to each sector. The local bitlines BL< > of the sectors S1 and S2 can be addressed by an even number of addresses, and the respective sectors S1 and S2 may in what follows be referred to as “even sectors”. The local bitlines BL< > of the sectors S3 and S4 can be addressed by an odd number of addresses, and the respective sectors S3 and S4 may in what follows be referred to as “odd sectors”.

Given the matrix structure, activation of a local wordline WL< > and of a local bitline BL_(L,R)< > enables unique selection of only one memory cell 3, 3′.

A reading stage 7, of a type in itself known, is provided with a first sense amplifier 6 a and a second sense amplifier 6 b. The presence of two sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b is dictated by the particular organization of the memory 1 where, to increase the reading speed, simultaneous reading of data different from one another is carried out (according to the even and odd division, mentioned previously and illustrated more fully hereinafter) by the two amplifiers 6 a, 6 b.

The reading stage 7 is coupled to the local bitlines BL_(L,R)< > by main bitlines MBL_(L)< > (in the portion 2 a) and main bitlines MBL_(R)< > (in the portion 2 b).

A global column decoder 4 is adapted to select the main bitline to which the memory cell 3, 3′ to be addressed is coupled. The global column decoder 4 comprises, in an embodiment provided by way of example: a plurality of main selection switches 12 a-12 d coupled to main bitlines MBL_(L)< > of the memory portion 2 a; and a plurality of main selection switches 12 e-12 h coupled to main bitlines MBL_(R)< > of the memory portion 2 b.

A first main bitline MBL_(L)<0>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the first sector S1 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the first main bitline MBL_(L)<0> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 a and a node A common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector S1 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 a is coupled to a first input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

A second main bitline MBL_(L)<1>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the second sector S2 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the second main bitline MBL_(L)<1> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 b and a node B common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector S2 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 b is coupled to the first input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

A third main bitline MBL_(L)<2>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the third sector S3 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the third main bitline MBL_(L)<2> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 c and a node C common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector S3 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 c is coupled to a first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

A fourth main bitline MBL_(L)<3>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the fourth sector S4 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the fourth main bitline MBL_(L)<3> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 d and a node D common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector S4 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 d is coupled to the first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

The memory portion 2 b (complementary cells) is organized in a way similar to the memory portion 2 a of the direct cells, as described hereinafter.

There is thus present a fifth main bitline MBL_(R)<0>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, which connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the first sector S1 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the fifth main bitline MBL_(R)<0> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 e and a node E common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S1 in the second memory portion 2 b (complementary cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 e is coupled to a second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

A sixth main bitline MBL_(R)<1>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the second sector S2 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the sixth main bitline MBL_(R)<1> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 f and a node F common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S2 in the second memory portion 2 b (complementary cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 f is coupled to the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

A seventh main bitline MBL_(R)<2>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the third sector S3 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the seventh main bitline MBL_(R)<2> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 g and a node G common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S3 in the second memory portion 2 b (complementary cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 g is coupled to a second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

An eighth main bitline MBL_(R)<3>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the fourth sector S4 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the fourth main bitline MBL_(L)<3> extends between a terminal of the main selection switch 12 d and a node D common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S4 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 d is coupled to the first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

Each local bitline BL_(L)< > of the sector S1 of the first memory portion 2 a is electrically coupled to the node A by a respective local selection switch 13 a (in the example of FIG. 1, local selection switches 13 a are present in the form of PMOS transistors). Likewise, each local bitline BL_(R)< > of the sector S1 of the second memory portion 2 b is electrically coupled to the node E by a respective local selection switch 13 b (in this example, PMOS transistors).

Likewise, each local bitline BL_(L)< > of the sector S2 of the first memory portion 2 a is electrically coupled to the node B by a respective local selection switch 13 a (in the example of FIG. 1, local selection switches 13 a are present in the form of PMOS transistors). Likewise, each local bitline BL_(R)< > of the sector S2 of the second memory portion 2 b is electrically coupled to the node F by a respective local selection switch 13 b (in this example, PMOS transistors).

The same structure is replicated in a similar way, and not described any further herein, for the remaining local bitlines BL_(L,R)< > of the sectors S3 and S4.

The local selection switches 13 a, 13 b form part of the respective local column decoders 5.

During use, the local column decoder 5 receives at input address-selection signals (also known as Decoded Address Signals, or DASs) S_(YO)< > (in particular, S_(YO)<0>, . . . , S_(YO)<1>, . . . ) for selecting a respective local bitline BL_(L)< > (BL_(L)<0>, BL_(L)<1>, . . . ) and/or BL_(R)< > (BL_(R)<0>, BL_(R)<1>, . . . ) in order to access the first memory cells 3 and/or the second memory cells 3′.

The signals S_(YO)< > are low-voltage signals, i.e., operating in the range of logic voltages [GND, VDD], where VDD is, for example, comprised between 1V and 1.4 V and GND is a ground reference voltage, for example 0 V.

As mentioned previously, to increase the reading parallelism, the sense amplifier 6 a is coupled to a subset of so-called even bitlines BL< > (i.e., indexed by an even index, such as BL<0>, BL<2>, BL<4>, etc.) belonging to the sectors S1, S2, while the sense amplifier 6 b is coupled to a subset of so-called odd bitlines BL< > (i.e., indexed by an odd index, such as BL<1>, BL<3>, BL<5>, etc.) belonging to the sectors S3, S4. The reading operation is carried out at the same time by the sense amplifier 6 a and 6 b for the respective memory cells 3, 3′ coupled, respectively, to the even and odd bitlines BL< >.

The local column decoder 5 is configured so as to generate a current path between an even direct bitline selected from BL_(L)<0>, BL_(L)<2>, etc. (belonging to the portion 2 a) and the first input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a, and between an even complementary bitline selected from BL_(R)<0>, BL_(R)<2>, etc. (belonging to the portion 2 b) and the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

Furthermore, the local column decoder 5 is configured so as to generate a current path between an odd direct bitline selected from BL_(L)<1>, BL_(L)<3>, etc. (belonging to the portion 2 a) and the first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b, and between an odd complementary bitline selected from BL_(R)<1>, BL_(R)<3>, etc. (belonging to the portion 2 b) and the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

It may be noted that also the organization in sectors S1-S4 takes into account the reading division between even and odd. In fact, the sectors S1 and S2 group together bitlines that can be selected by even addresses, whereas the sectors S3 and S4 group together bitlines that can be selected by odd addresses. The main bitlines MBL_(L,R)<0,1> access even sectors S1 and S2; the main bitlines MBL_(L,R)<2,3> access odd sectors S3 and S4.

In effect, the global column decoder 4 comprises two distinct read-decoding circuits, adapted to generate a respective current path between memory cells 3 of the portion 2 a and the respective input 6 a′, 6 b′ of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b, and between second memory cell 3′ of the portion 2 b and the respective input 6 a″, 6 b″ of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b. The current paths thus generated are completely distinct and separate from one another.

The two aforementioned read-decoding circuits of the global column decoder 4 present a specular circuit structure. The number of selection switches that form the global column decoder 4 depends upon the size of the memory array 2 and/or of the sectors of the memory array 2, as well as upon the hierarchical organization of the column selectors.

The read-decoding circuits of the global column decoder 4 moreover comprise buffers (not illustrated) that drive the selection switches 12 a-12 h. Each buffer 9 a receives a control signal S_(YN) and supplies to the control terminals of the respective selection switches 12 a-12 h a column-decoding signal YN.

Moreover a plurality of local buffers (not illustrated) is present. Bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the first portion 2 a and corresponding to respective bitlines BL_(R)< > of the second portion 2 b of the memory array 2 (i.e., the bitlines selected by a same signal S_(YO)< >) can share a same local buffer. The local buffers are configured to receive a respective control signal S_(YO)< > and supply to the control terminals of the respective local selection switches 13 a, 13 b column-decoding signals YO_(L)< >, YO_(R)< >.

The selection switches of the circuit of FIG. 1 are implemented by PMOS transistors, which have a control terminal (gate) that receives the respective column-decoding signals YN, YO_(L)< >, YO_(R)< >, which is a logic signal “o” that switches on the respective transistor, or else “1” that switches off the respective transistor. In use, the signals S_(YO)< > and S_(YN) are low-voltage signals, and one of the operations carried out by the buffers is to raise the voltage by generating a voltage signal adequate for driving the respective PMOS transistor.

The non-volatile memory device 1 further comprises a first reference branch 20 including a reference generator 21, configured to generate a reference current i_(REF), electrically coupled to the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a by a selection switch 22. The selection switch 22 is driven by a signal S_(i)′, configured to switch on and switch off the selection switch 22 in respective operating modes of the non-volatile memory device 1 in order to set up or interrupt an electrical path for the reference current i_(REF) towards the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a.

The non-volatile memory device 1 further comprises a second reference branch 23 including a reference generator 24, configured to generate a reference current i_(REF), electrically coupled to the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b by a selection switch 25. The selection switch 25 is driven by a signal S_(i)″, configured to switch on and switch off the selection switch 25 in respective operating modes of the non-volatile memory device 1 in order to set up or interrupt an electrical path for the reference current i_(REF) towards the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

During use of the non-volatile memory device 1 in double-ended reading, the reference generators 21, 24 are off. Reading is therefore performed by each sense amplifier 6 a, 6 b by receiving at the respective inputs a datum (value of voltage/current) stored in a direct cell and a datum stored in a complementary cell. During reading of a datum, the respective (direct and complementary) cells that are being read belong to a same sector S1-S4, but to respective memory portions 2 a, 2 b. The connections between the memory cells and the sense amplifiers have been described previously.

Conversely, during use of the non-volatile memory device 1 in single-ended reading, the reference generators 21, 24 are on, and reading is performed by comparing the current that flows in the memory cell selected with the reference current i_(REF). In this reading mode, in order to maintain a same (capacitive) load on both of the inputs of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b, the global column decoder 4 is controlled so as to connect the inputs 6 a″, 6 b″ of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b to a respective main bitline MBL_(R)< > belonging to the memory portion 2 b. In addition, the local column decoder 5 is controlled so as to connect the respective main bitlines MBL_(R)< > to the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the respective memory sectors S1-S4. However, the wordlines WL< > are de-selected so that no specific memory cell 3′ is in effect addressed. In this way, the only current that flows at the input 6 a″, 6 b″ of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b is the respective reference current i_(REF). The capacitive load is, instead, given by the sum of the capacitances associated to the respective main and local bitlines that have been connected to the input 6 a″, 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 a, 6 b.

To clarify the foregoing more fully, an example is proposed, with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 corresponds, where not otherwise specified, to FIG. 1.

To read in single-ended mode a direct memory cell belonging to the sector S1, the corresponding local selection switch 13 a (delimited by a dashed circle in the sector S1, portion 2 a) is switched on and the cell to be read is selected by activating the respective wordline WL (WL<0> in FIG. 2). Therefore, the main selector 12 a is switched on, thus connecting the input 6 a′ of the amplifier 6 a to the main bitline MBL_(L)<0>. In this way, an electrical connection is set up between the memory cell 3 to be read and the sense amplifier 6 a. As has been said, supplied at the input 6 a″ is a reference current signal i_(REF). To provide at the input 6 a″ a capacitive load comparable with the one present at the input 6 a′, the local selection switch 13 b delimited by a dashed circle in the sector S2, portion 2 b, is switched on, but no complementary memory cell is selected by the respective wordline WL< > (which remains de-selected). Moreover, the main selector 12 f is switched on to connect the main bitline MBL_(R)<1> to the local bitline BL_(R)< > selected via the local selection switch that has been switched on. The other selectors 12 b-12 d, 12 e, 12 g, 12 h remain off. It should be noted that the choice of switching on the selector 12 f is dictated by the fact that this selector is coupled to the main bitline MBL_(R)<1>, which is in turn connected to the sector S2, i.e., to the sector physically “closest” to the sector S1 to which the direct memory cell to be read belongs. In this way, since the two memory portions 2 a, 2 b are specular, we have the best guarantee of having a match that is as accurate as possible between the capacitive loads at the inputs 6 a′ and 6 a″. In fact, the capacitance associated to the main bitlines MBL_(L,R)< > depends directly upon the length of the main bitlines MBL_(L,R)< >. It may be noted that it would not be possible to connect the main bitline MBL_(R)<0> to the input 6 a″ by switching on the selector 12 e in so far as the wordline WL< > selected for accessing the memory cell 3 to be read is common to the entire sector S1, both in the portion 2 a and in the portion 2 b. Consequently, this condition is not practicable in single-ended reading.

A similar situation occurs for the reading performed by the sense amplifier 6 b.

The present applicant has found that, to reduce the total area occupied by the memory array 2, it would be expedient to group memory sectors S1, S2, . . . , etc. physically together. For instance, by grouping together the memory sector S2 and the memory sector S1, a new memory sector S1′ would be obtained having a size equal to the sum of the sizes of the sectors S1 and S2 prior to grouping. In this way, there would be a saving of area given by the elimination of the local column decoders 5 associated to the sectors that have been eliminated (i.e., grouped together). In this example, the local column decoders 5 dedicated to the sector S2 would be eliminated. The entire new sector S1′ would be handled by a local column decoder thereof.

However, grouping together of the sectors S2 and S1 would no longer make it possible, in the single-ended reading mode, to address properly the memory cell 3 to be read and at the same time to guarantee the desired capacitive load at the input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a that receives the reference current i_(REF) (as for the amplifier 6 b). In fact, since it is not possible in this situation to connect the input 6 a″ with the main bitline MBL_(R)<1> of the second sector S2 (which has been eliminated), it would be necessary to use a further and different main bitline MBL_(R)< >, losing at least in part the condition of matching of capacitances seen at the inputs of the sense amplifier 6 a (likewise 6 b). In fact, this grouping of sectors involves the use of a single column decoder for both of the sectors, which would therefore be addressed simultaneously.

Furthermore, by replicating the concept set forth above for all the even sectors and for all the odd sectors (i.e., by creating a single even sector accessible by just one local column decoder and a single odd sector accessible by just one, respective, local column decoder), it would not be possible to implement the strategy described above with reference to FIG. 2, in so far as there would cease to be a de-selected sector to be used in single-ended reading to replicate the capacitive load at the terminal that receives the reference current i_(REF).

The aim of the present invention is consequently to provide a PCM device that will make it possible to solve, either totally or in part, the aforementioned problems, and that will be optimized as regards the characteristics of capacitive load seen by the sense amplifier in both the single-ended reading mode and the double-ended reading mode. The aim of the present invention is likewise to disclose a method for operating the PCM device.

According to the present invention, a phase-change memory device, a system including the phase-change memory device, and a method for operating the phase-change memory device are consequently provided, as defined in the annexed claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments thereof are now described, purely by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a non-volatile memory device, in particular of a PCM type, according to an embodiment that does not form part of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the memory device of FIG. 1 in an operating condition;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a non-volatile memory device, in particular of a PCM type, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 4-6 represent the memory device of FIG. 3 in respective operating conditions of the present invention; and

FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of an electronic system incorporating the non-volatile memory device, in an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 and designated as a whole by the reference number wo is a portion of a non-volatile memory device, in particular of a PCM type, limitedly to just the parts necessary for an understanding of the present disclosure.

Elements of the memory device wo already described with reference to FIG. 1 are not described any further here and are designated by the same reference numbers.

The non-volatile memory device wo comprises a memory array 102, constituted by a plurality of first memory cells 3 and by a plurality of second memory cells 3′, which can be selected by local wordlines WL and local bitlines BL. In a way in itself known, the second memory cells 3′ correspond, in number and manufacturing characteristics, to the first memory cells 3 and, in use, store a logic datum complementary to that of the first memory cells 3. The second memory cells 3′ are queried during double-ended reading of the first memory cells 3 to read the logic datum stored in the first memory cells 3 by comparison with the logic datum stored in respective second memory cells 3′.

The local bitlines BL_(L)< > and the first memory cells 3 form a first memory portion iota. The local bitlines BL_(R)< > and the second memory cells 3′ form a second memory portion 102 b.

The memory array 102 is organized in at least a first sector S101 and a second sector S102. Each sector comprises respective local bitlines BL< > (direct bitlines BL_(L)< >, and complementary bitlines BL_(R)< >), which can be addressed by a local column decoder 5 for each sector. The local bitlines BL< > of the sector S101 can be addressed via an even address number (S101 is therefore also referred to as “even sector”), and the local bitlines BL< > of the sector S102 can be addressed via an odd address number (S102 is therefore also referred to as “odd sector”).

Given the matrix structure, activation of a local wordline WL< > and of a local bitline BL_(L,R)< > enables unique selection of only one memory cell 3, 3′.

The reading stage 7 corresponds to what has already been described with reference to FIG. 1. The reading stage 7 is coupled to the local bitlines BL_(L,R)< > by main bitlines MBL_(L)< > (for the portion 2 a) and main bitlines MBL_(R)< > (for the portion 2 b).

The global column decoder 4 corresponds to what has already been described with reference to FIG. 1 and is adapted to select the main bitline to which the memory cell 3, 3′ to be addressed is coupled.

Here, a first main bitline MBL_(L)<0>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the sector Sim to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. The first main bitline MBL_(L)<0> is connected to a node A common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector Sim in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). As regards the global column decoder 4, both of the main selection switches 12 a and 12 d have a respective terminal connected to the first main bitline MBL_(L)<0>. In other words, the first main bitline MBL_(L)<0> extends between the node A and a node A′, from which there branch off the connections towards the respective terminals of the main selection switches 12 a and 12 d. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 a is connected to the first input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 d is, instead, connected to the first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

A second main bitline MBL_(L)<1>, belonging to the memory portion 2 a, connects the local bitlines BL_(L)< > of the second sector S102 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. The second main bitline MBL_(L)<1> is connected to a node B common to all the local bitlines BL_(L)< > belonging to the sector S102 in the first memory portion 2 a (direct cells). As regards the global column decoder 4, both of the main selection switches 12 b and 12 c have a respective terminal connected to the second main bitline MBL_(L)<1>. In other words, the second main bitline MBL_(L)<1> extends between the node B and a node B′, from which there branch off the connections towards the respective terminals of the main selection switches 12 b and 12 c. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 b is connected to the first input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 c is, instead, connected to the first input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

The memory portion 2 b (complementary cells) is organized in a way similar to the memory portion 2 a of the direct cells, as described hereinafter.

There is thus present a third main bitline MBL_(R)<0>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, which connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the first sector Sim to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the third main bitline MBL_(R)<0> is connected to a node E common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S101 in the second memory portion 2 b (complementary cells). As regards the global column decoder 4, both of the main selection switches 12 e and 12 h have a respective terminal connected to the third main bitline MBL_(R)<0>. In other words, the third main bitline MBL_(R)<0> extends between the node E and a node E′, from which there branch off the connections towards the respective terminals of the main selection switches 12 e and 12 h. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 e is connected to the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 h is, instead, connected to the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

A fourth main bitline MBL_(R)<1>, belonging to the memory portion 2 b, connects the local bitlines BL_(R)< > of the second sector S102 to the global column decoder 4 and, via the latter, to the reading stage 7. In detail, the fourth main bitline MBL_(R)<1> is connected to a node G common to all the local bitlines BL_(R)< > belonging to the sector S102 in the second memory portion 2 b (complementary cells). As regards the global column decoder 4, both of the main selection switches 12 g and 12 f have a respective terminal connected to the fourth main bitline MBL_(R)<1>. In other words, the fourth main bitline MBL_(R)<1> extends between the node G and a node G′, from which there branch off the connections towards the respective terminals of the main selection switches 12 f and 12 g. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 f is connected to the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a. The other terminal of the main selection switch 12 g is, instead, connected to the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b.

Each local bitline BL_(L)< > of the sector S101 of the first memory portion 2 a is electrically coupled to the node A by a respective local selection switch 13 a (here, a respective PMOS transistor). Likewise, each local bitline BL_(R)< > of the sector S101 of the second memory portion 2 b is electrically coupled to the node E by a respective local selection switch 13 b (in this example, a respective PMOS transistor).

Likewise, each local bitline BL_(L)< > of the sector S102 of the first memory portion 2 a is electrically coupled to the node B by a respective local selection switch 13 a (here, a respective PMOS transistor). Likewise, each local bitline BL_(R)< > of the sector S102 of the second memory portion 2 b is electrically coupled to the node G by a respective local selection switch 13 b (here, a respective PMOS transistor).

The local selection switches 13 a, 13 b form part of the respective local column decoders 5. In use, the local column decoder 5 receives at input address-selection signals (DAS) S_(YO)< >, as already described with reference to FIG. 1 and therefore not described any further here.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, also in this case the sense amplifier 6 a is coupled to a subset of bitlines BL< > referred to as even bitlines (i.e., indexed by an even index, such as BL<0>, BL<2>, BL<4>, etc.) belonging to the sector 101, while the sense amplifier 6 b is coupled to a subset of bitlines BL< > referred to as odd bitlines (i.e., indexed by an odd index, such as BL<1>, BL<3>, BL<5>, etc.). The double-ended reading operation is carried out simultaneously by the sense amplifier 6 a and 6 b for the respective memory cells 3, 3′ coupled, respectively, to the even and odd bitlines BL< >. The double-ended reading operation is carried out in accordance with the prior art, and is described by way of example hereinafter with reference to FIG. 6.

As regards reading in single-ended mode, the memory device 100 further comprises a first reference branch 20, which includes the reference generator 21, configured to generate the reference current i_(REF) to be supplied to the second input 6 a″ of the sense amplifier 6 a by the selection switch 22. The memory device wo further comprises a second reference branch 23, which includes the reference generator 24, configured to generate a reference current i_(REF), and is electrically coupled to the second input 6 b″ of the sense amplifier 6 b by the selection switch 25.

During use of the memory device 100 in single-ended reading mode, the reference generators 21, 24 are on, and reading is performed by comparing the current that flows in the memory cell selected with the reference current i_(REF).

In this reading mode, in order to maintain a same capacitive load on both of the inputs of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b, the global column decoder 4 is controlled so as to connect the second inputs 6 a″, 6 b″ of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b to a respective main bitline MBL_(R)< > belonging to the memory portion 2 b.

In this embodiment, however, simultaneous reading of the even sector S101 and of the odd sector S102 is not possible, in so far as there would cease to be a de-selected sector to be used for capacitive matching.

Consequently, to read a datum from a memory cell 3 of the sector S101, the sector S102 is de-selected (i.e., no wordline of the sector S102 is selected), and the selection switches 12 b-12 d, 12 e, 12 g, 12 h are switched off. The selection switches 12 a, 12 f are, instead, switched on. Reading is carried out by the sense amplifier 6 a.

As illustrated graphically in FIG. 4, reading of the logic datum stored in the memory cell 3 delimited by a dashed circle in the sector S101 is performed by connecting the memory cell 3 to the input 6 a′ of the sense amplifier 6 a and enabling an electrical path between the memory cell 3 and the input 6 a′ (i.e., by selecting the corresponding wordline WL<0> by switching on the switch 13 a of the bitline BL< > coupled to the memory cell 3 to be read and switching on the selection switch 12 a). The path of the reading current is indicated in FIG. 4 with a thick solid line P1. The input 6 a″ receives the reference current i_(REF) from the generator 21.

In order to provide at the input 6 a″ the required capacitive load, the input 6 a″ is connected to the main bitline MBL_(R)<1> via the switch 12 f, which is switched on. Moreover, one of the switches 13 b connected to the node G is also switched on, in particular the switch 13 b for the bitline BL< > physically arranged so as to approximate as closely as possible the electrical path (and therefore the capacitive load) of the memory cell 3 to be read. Since all the wordlines WL< > of the sector S102 are de-selected, activation of the aforementioned electrical path does not generate a transfer of current towards the input 6 a″, but represents a capacitive load for the input 6 a″. The path that constitutes the capacitive load is indicated in FIG. 4 with a thick dashed line P2. It may be noted that, in this reading condition, the sense amplifier 6 b is off and does not receive any datum/current signal at its inputs 6 b′, 6 b″.

Reading of a logic datum stored in a memory cell 3 of the sector S102 (odd sector) occurs in a way equivalent to what has been described with reference to FIG. 4. Also in this case, simultaneous reading of the even sector S101 and of the odd sector S102 is not possible in so far as there would cease to be a de-selected sector to be used for capacitive matching.

Consequently, to read a datum from a memory cell 3 of the sector S102, the sector S101 is de-selected (i.e., no wordline of the sector S101 is selected), and the selection switches 12 a, 12 b, 12 d, 12 e-12 g are switched off. The selection switches 12 c, 12 h are instead switched on. Reading is carried out by the sense amplifier 6 b.

As illustrated graphically in FIG. 5, reading of the logic datum stored in the memory cell 3 delimited by a dashed circle in the sector S102 occurs by connecting the memory cell 3 to the input 6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 b and enabling an electrical path between the memory cell 3 and the input 6 b′ (i.e., by selecting the corresponding wordline WL< > by switching on the switch 13 a of the bitline BL< > coupled to the memory cell 3 to be read and switching on the selection switch 12 c). The path of the reading current is indicated in FIG. 5 with a thick solid line P3. The input 6 b″ receives the reference current i_(REF) from the generator 24.

In order to provide at the input 6 b″ the required capacitive load, the input 6 b″ is connected to the main bitline MBL_(R)<0> via the switch 12 h, which is switched on. In addition, also one of the switches 13 b connected to the node E is switched on, in particular the switch 13 b for the bitline BL< > physically arranged so as to approximate as closely as possible the electrical path (and therefore the capacitive load) of the memory cell 3 to be read. Since all the wordlines WL< > of the sector Sim are de-selected, activation of the aforementioned electrical path does not generate a transfer of current towards the input 6 b″, but represents a capacitive load for the input 6 b″. The path that forms the capacitive load is indicated in FIG. 5 with a thick solid line P4. It may be noted that, in this reading condition, the sense amplifier 6 a is off and does not receive any datum/current signal at its inputs 6 a′, 6 a″.

During use of the memory device 100 in double-ended reading mode, the reference generators 21, 24 are off. As regards the main selection switches, the double-ended reading mode envisages (FIG. 6) simultaneously switching on the selection switches 12 a, 12 c, 12 e, 12 g, and keeping the remaining switches 12 b, 12 d, 12 f, 12 h off.

In this way, by selecting (activating) the appropriate wordlines WL< > in both of the sectors S101, S102 (in order to select the direct memory cell to be read and, simultaneously, the respective complementary memory cell), it is possible to set up the desired current paths towards: the input 6 a′ (path L1 in FIG. 6); the input 6 a″ (path L2 in FIG. 6); the input 6 b′ (path L3 in FIG. 6); and the input 6 b″ (path L4 in FIG. 6).

The operations of activation or selection of the main and local bitlines, as likewise of the wordlines, to implement the single-ended and double-ended reading operations according to the present invention are carried out by a controller appropriately configured for this purpose, in a way in itself evident to the person skilled in the art. The controller governs the selectors (switches, which are constituted, in particular, by transistors) described previously, sending signals for switching them on and for switching them off so as to create the appropriate electrical connections with the inputs of the sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b. Buffers (not illustrated in detail) are typically present to adapt the level of the (voltage/current) signal to the level accepted at input by the control terminal (gate) of the selectors. A controller 201 is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 illustrates a portion of an electronic system 200, according to a further embodiment of the present invention. The electronic system 200 may be used in electronic devices, such as: a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant); a portable or fixed computer, possibly with the capacity of wireless data transfer; a mobile phone; a digital audio player; a photographic camera or video camera; or further devices capable of processing, storing, transmitting, and receiving information.

In detail, the electronic system 200 comprises a controller 201 (for example, provided with a microprocessor, a DSP, or a microcontroller), and the memory device 100, provided with the array of memory cells of the phase-change type, described previously. In addition and optionally, the electronic system 200 further comprises one or more from among an input/output device 202 (for example, provided with a keypad and a display) for entering and displaying data, a wireless interface 204, for example an antenna, for transmitting and receiving data through a wireless communication radiofrequency network, and a RAM 205, all of which are coupled through a bus 206. A battery 207 can be used as electrical supply source in the electronic system 200, which may moreover be provided with a photographic camera or video camera 208.

From what has been described and illustrated previously, the advantages that the column decoder according to the invention affords are evident.

In particular, the silicon area required for providing a non-volatile memory (in particular, a PCM) operating as described and having the circuit structure described is minimized.

The architecture proposed moreover makes it possible to guarantee a good matching between the capacitive load and the inputs of the sense amplifier, both during single-ended reading and during double-ended reading.

Finally, it is clear that modifications and variations may be made to what has been described and illustrated herein, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined in the annexed claims.

What has been described applies, in a similar way, to single-ended reading or double-ended reading of any other memory cell 3. What has been described likewise applies, in a similar way, to verification in single-ended reading mode of the memory cells 3′, using a current reference supplied to the input 6 a′/6 b′ of the sense amplifier 6 a/6 b.

It may be noted that, during single-ended reading of the sector Sim (memory portion 102 a), the selection switches 13 b of the sector S102 could be off, whereas for reading of a memory cell of the sector S102 those of the sector Sim could be off. In fact, the most important capacitive component in PCMs is represented by the main bitline (which is typically obtained in the form of a conductive metal path with a length of 2 mm and a width of 1 μm). Consequently, also by turning off the switches 13 b, there would in any case be guaranteed a comparable capacitive load on both of the inputs of the sense amplifier involved in the reading process.

Moreover, the invention described and illustrated can be advantageously applied also to other types of memory devices, for example flash memory devices.

It is evident that a different number of selection switches may be provided in the column decoder, and a different organization thereof in hierarchical levels.

In addition, the present invention has been described with reference to just two sense amplifiers 6 a, 6 b. It is evident that a PCM device typically comprises a plurality of sense amplifiers higher than two (e.g., 128, 256, etc.), each dedicated to reading in parallel of respective data coming from memory cells 3 and 3′ (in the case of double-ended reading), or from a memory cell 3 and from a current reference (in the case of single-ended reading).

Furthermore, one of the reference-current generators 21 and 24 may be omitted, and during single-ended reading the reference current i_(REF) is supplied (alternatively) at the inputs 6 a″, 6 b″ by a single reference-current generator 21 or 24. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A phase-change memory device, comprising: a memory array including a first sector divided into a memory portion of direct memory cells and into a memory portion of complementary memory cells, and a second sector divided into a respective memory portion of direct memory cells and into a respective memory portion of complementary memory cells; a reading stage including a first sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the first sector, and a second sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the second sector; a global column decoder functionally connected between the reading stage and the first and second sectors; a first main bitline, having a first parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the first sector and the global column decoder; a second main bitline, having a second parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the first sector and the global column decoder; a third main bitline, having a third parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the second sector and the global column decoder; a fourth main bitline, having a fourth parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the second sector and the global column decoder; at least one reference-current generator coupled to the first and second sense amplifiers for supplying a reference reading current during a first operating mode of single-ended reading; and a controller configured to execute, in order to read a logic datum stored in the first sector during the first operating mode, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to a first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the first sense amplifier, thus enabling a flow of the reference reading current towards the second input of the first sense amplifier; and connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier, the controller being moreover configured to execute, in order to read a logic datum stored in the second sector during the first operating mode, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to a first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the second sense amplifier, thus enabling a flow of the reference reading current towards the second input of the second sense amplifier; and connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier.
 2. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein each memory portion of direct memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a plurality of first local bitlines connected to the corresponding direct memory cells, and wherein each memory portion of complementary memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a respective plurality of second local bitlines connected to the corresponding complementary memory cells; the first main bitline extending at least in part between a first electrical node common to all the first local bitlines of the first sector and a second electrical node; the second main bitline extending at least in part between a third electrical node common to all the second local bitlines of the first sector and a fourth electrical node; the third main bitline extending at least in part between a fifth electrical node common to all the first local bitlines of the second sector and a sixth electrical node; and the fourth main bitline extending at least in part between a seventh electrical node common to all the second local bitlines of the second sector and an eighth electrical node; and wherein the global column decoder comprises a plurality of selection switches, amongst which: a first selection switch coupled between the second electrical node and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a second selection switch coupled between the second electrical node and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a third selection switch coupled between the sixth electrical node and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a fourth selection switch coupled between the sixth electrical node and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a fifth selection switch coupled between the fourth electrical node and the second input of the first sense amplifier; a sixth selection switch coupled between the fourth electrical node and the second input of the second sense amplifier; a seventh selection switch coupled between the eighth electrical node and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and an eighth selection switch coupled between the eighth electrical node and the second input of the first sense amplifier; wherein, to read the logic datum stored in the first sector during the first operating mode, the controller is configured to: switch on the first selection switch to connect the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier; switch on the eighth selection switch to connect the fourth main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier; and switch off the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh selection switches; and wherein, to read the logic datum stored in the second sector during the first operating mode, the controller is configured to: switch on the third selection switch to connect the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier; switch on the sixth selection switch to connect the second main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier; and switch off the first, second, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth selection switches.
 3. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein each of the direct and complementary memory cells comprises: a phase-change region, which can be electrically connected to one of the first and second local bitlines, respectively; and a local selection transistor, which is operatively coupled to the phase-change region and has a control terminal connected to a respective wordline, wherein the steps of selecting a direct memory cell to be read include switching on the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline, and the steps of de-selecting the complementary memory cells include switching off the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline.
 4. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is moreover configured to execute, during a second operating mode of double-ended reading of a logic datum stored in the first sector, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the first sector and the second input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the second sector and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and electrically decoupling the reference-current generator from the first and second sense amplifiers.
 5. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is moreover configured to execute, during a second operating mode of double-ended reading of a logic datum stored in the first sector, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the first sector and the second input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the second sector and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and electrically decoupling the reference-current generator from the first and second sense amplifiers; wherein the step of connecting the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier includes switching on the first selection switch and switching off the second selection switch; wherein the step of connecting the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier includes switching on the fifth selection switch and switching off the sixth selection switch; wherein the step of connecting the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier includes switching on the third selection switch and switching off the fourth selection switch; and wherein the step of connecting the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier includes switching on the seventh selection switch and switching off the eighth selection switch.
 6. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first operating mode is a mode of verification or testing of the logic datum stored in the memory cells of the first and second sectors.
 7. The memory device according to claim 4, wherein, in the second operating mode, the logic datum stored in the direct memory cell selected is read by the reading stage via a comparison with a logic datum stored in the respective complementary memory cell selected and belonging to the same first sector or second sector of the direct memory cell.
 8. An electronic system comprising: a controller; and a phase-change memory device coupled to the controller, the phase-change memory device comprising: a memory array including a first sector divided into a memory portion of direct memory cells and into a memory portion of complementary memory cells, and a second sector divided into a respective memory portion of direct memory cells and into a respective memory portion of complementary memory cells; a reading stage including a first sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the first sector, and a second sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the second sector; a global column decoder functionally connected between the reading stage and the first and second sectors; a first main bitline, having a first parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the first sector and the global column decoder; a second main bitline, having a second parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the first sector and the global column decoder; a third main bitline, having a third parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the second sector and the global column decoder; a fourth main bitline, having a fourth parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the second sector and the global column decoder; at least one reference-current generator coupled to the first and second sense amplifiers for supplying a reference reading current during a first operating mode of single-ended reading; and a controller configured to execute, in order to read a logic datum stored in the first sector during the first operating mode, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to a first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the first sense amplifier, thus enabling a flow of the reference reading current towards the second input of the first sense amplifier; and connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier, the controller being moreover configured to execute, in order to read a logic datum stored in the second sector during the first operating mode, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to a first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the second sense amplifier, thus enabling a flow of the reference reading current towards the second input of the second sense amplifier; and connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier.
 9. The electronic system according to claim 8, further comprising one or more of the following coupled to the controller: an input/output device; a wireless interface; a random access memory; a bus; a battery; or a camera.
 10. The electronic system according to claim 8, wherein each memory portion of direct memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a plurality of first local bitlines connected to the corresponding direct memory cells, and wherein each memory portion of complementary memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a respective plurality of second local bitlines connected to the corresponding complementary memory cells; the first main bitline extending at least in part between a first electrical node common to all the first local bitlines of the first sector and a second electrical node; the second main bitline extending at least in part between a third electrical node common to all the second local bitlines of the first sector and a fourth electrical node; the third main bitline extending at least in part between a fifth electrical node common to all the first local bitlines of the second sector and a sixth electrical node; and the fourth main bitline extending at least in part between a seventh electrical node common to all the second local bitlines of the second sector and an eighth electrical node; and wherein the global column decoder comprises a plurality of selection switches, amongst which: a first selection switch coupled between the second electrical node and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a second selection switch coupled between the second electrical node and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a third selection switch coupled between the sixth electrical node and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a fourth selection switch coupled between the sixth electrical node and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a fifth selection switch coupled between the fourth electrical node and the second input of the first sense amplifier; a sixth selection switch coupled between the fourth electrical node and the second input of the second sense amplifier; a seventh selection switch coupled between the eighth electrical node and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and an eighth selection switch coupled between the eighth electrical node and the second input of the first sense amplifier; wherein, to read the logic datum stored in the first sector during the first operating mode, the controller is configured to: switch on the first selection switch to connect the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier; switch on the eighth selection switch to connect the fourth main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier; and switch off the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh selection switches; and wherein, to read the logic datum stored in the second sector during the first operating mode, the controller is configured to: switch on the third selection switch to connect the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier; switch on the sixth selection switch to connect the second main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier; and switch off the first, second, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth selection switches.
 11. The electronic system according to claim 10, wherein each of the direct and complementary memory cells comprises: a phase-change region, which can be electrically connected to one of the first and second local bitlines, respectively; and a local selection transistor, which is operatively coupled to the phase-change region and has a control terminal connected to a respective wordline, wherein the steps of selecting a direct memory cell to be read include switching on the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline, and the steps of de-selecting the complementary memory cells include switching off the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline.
 12. The electronic system according to claim 8, wherein the controller is moreover configured to execute, during a second operating mode of double-ended reading of a logic datum stored in the first sector, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the first sector and the second input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the second sector and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and electrically decoupling the reference-current generator from the first and second sense amplifiers.
 13. The electronic system according to claim 10, wherein the controller is moreover configured to execute, during a second operating mode of double-ended reading of a logic datum stored in the first sector, the operations of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the global column decoder, the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the first sector and the second input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting, via the global column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the second sector and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and electrically decoupling the reference-current generator from the first and second sense amplifiers; wherein the step of connecting the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier includes switching on the first selection switch and switching off the second selection switch; wherein the step of connecting the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier includes switching on the fifth selection switch and switching off the sixth selection switch; wherein the step of connecting the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier includes switching on the third selection switch and switching off the fourth selection switch; and wherein the step of connecting the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier includes switching on the seventh selection switch and switching off the eighth selection switch.
 14. The electronic system according to claim 8, wherein the first operating mode is a mode of verification or testing of the logic datum stored in the memory cells of the first and second sectors.
 15. The electronic system according to claim 12, wherein, in the second operating mode, the logic datum stored in the direct memory cell selected is read by the reading stage via a comparison with a logic datum stored in the respective complementary memory cell selected and belonging to the same first sector or second sector of the direct memory cell.
 16. A method for read decoding of a phase-change memory device that comprises: a memory array including a first sector divided into a memory portion of direct memory cells and a memory portion of complementary memory cells, and a second sector divided into a respective memory portion of direct memory cells and a respective memory portion of complementary memory cells; a reading stage including a first sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the first sector, and a second sense amplifier configured to read a logic datum stored in a direct memory cell of the second sector; a column decoder functionally connected between the reading stage and the first and second sectors; a first main bitline, having a first parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the first sector and the column decoder; a second main bitline having a second parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the first sector and the column decoder; a third main bitline, having a third parasitic capacitance, which extends between the direct memory cells of the second sector and the column decoder; a fourth main bitline having a fourth parasitic capacitance, which extends between the complementary memory cells of the second sector and the column decoder; and at least one reference-current generator coupled to the first and second sense amplifiers for supplying a reference reading current during a first operating mode, the method comprising, during the first operating mode and for reading a logic datum stored in the first sector, the steps of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the respective memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the column decoder, the first main bitline to a first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and connecting, via the column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, the method further comprising, during the first operating mode and for reading a logic datum stored in the second sector, the steps of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the respective memory portion of the second sector; de-selecting all the complementary memory cells belonging to the respective memory portion of the first sector; connecting, via the column decoder, the second main bitline to a first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting the reference-current generator to a second input of the second sense amplifier; and connecting, via the column decoder, the third main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier.
 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein each memory portion of direct memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a plurality of first local bitlines connected to the corresponding direct memory cells, and wherein each memory portion of complementary memory cells of the first and second sectors is provided with a respective plurality of second local bitlines connected to the corresponding complementary memory cells; wherein each of the direct and complementary memory cells of the first and second sectors comprises: a phase-change region, which can be electrically connected to one of the first and second local bitlines, respectively; and a local selection transistor, operatively coupled to the phase-change region and having a control terminal connected to a respective wordline, wherein the steps of selecting a direct memory cell to be read include switching on the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline, and the steps of de-selecting the complementary memory cells include switching off the respective local selection transistor via the respective wordline.
 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising the step of operating in a second operating mode of double-ended reading of a logic datum stored in the first sector, which includes the substeps of: selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the first sector; selecting a direct memory cell to be read belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector and a respective complementary memory cell belonging to the corresponding memory portion of the second sector; connecting, via the column decoder, the first main bitline to the first input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the first parasitic capacitance to the first input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the first sector and the first input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the column decoder, the second main bitline to the second input of the first sense amplifier, thus coupling the second parasitic capacitance to the second input of the first sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the first sector, and the second input of the first sense amplifier; connecting, via the column decoder, the third main bitline to the first input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the third parasitic capacitance to the first input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the direct memory cell to be read in the second sector and the first input of the second sense amplifier; connecting, via the column decoder, the fourth main bitline to the second input of the second sense amplifier, thus coupling the fourth parasitic capacitance to the second input of the second sense amplifier and enabling a flow of current between the respective complementary memory cell selected in the second sector and the second input of the second sense amplifier; and electrically decoupling the reference-current generator from the first and second sense amplifiers.
 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the first operating mode is a mode of verification or testing of the logic datum stored in the memory cells of the first and second sectors.
 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein, in the second operating mode, the logic datum stored in the direct memory cell selected is read by the reading stage via comparison with a logic datum stored in the respective complementary memory cell selected belonging to the same first sector or second sector of the direct memory cell. 